![\"Gilsonite-Asphalt](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/emulsion-css-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\nGilsonite-Asphalt Mixture<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
GILSONITE <\/a>is a pure hydrocarbon, with a melting point between 160<\/span>\u00b0C and 220<\/span>\u00b0C. The mineral is natural bitumen and geologically petroleum based solid and therefore extremely compatible with petroleum bitumen. When blended, a very intimate molecule of GILSONITE and bitumen is formed, one that takes on some hardness and durability of GILSONITE while still retaining the flexibility of the bitumen. Gilsonite is mined in underground shafts and resembles shiny, black substance similar in appearance as the mineral Obsidian It is brittle and usually micronized into dark brown powder. It is mainly composed of asphaltenes; thus, Gilsonite Is classified as a Natural Asphalt and also known as Gilsonite or Uintaite. Discovered in the 1860s<\/span>, it was first marketed as a lacquer, electrical insulator, and waterproofing compound. This unique mineral is used in more than 160<\/span> products, primarily in dark-colored printing inks and paints, oil well drilling muds and cement, asphalt modifiers, foundry sand additives, and a wide variety of chemical products.<\/p>\n GILSONITE is mined in underground shafts and resembles shiny, black substance similar in appearance as the mineral Obsidian. It is brittle and usually micronized into dark brown powder. It is mainly composed of asphaltenes; thus, Gilsonite Is classified as a Natural Asphalt.<\/p>\n GILSONITE doesn\u2019t contribute to low-temperature cracking. This is contrary to logic and experience with other bitumen modifiers that also impart hardness, The semi-polymeric nature of GILSONITE and its unique chemical composition is responsible for this unusual behavior. The high asphaltene content and high molecular weight function mainly as a solution thickener or flow controller, These two factors are the main reason for the improvement in the pavement stability characteristics. The high nitrogen content of GILSONITE gives the modified bitumen better adhesion to aggregate which improves stripping characteristics, as well as oxidation resistance. The minimal sulfur content also means that GILSONITE is a low odor product GILSONITE only needs 1\/3<\/span> of other natural asphalts to give even better performance. Due to its pureness, only a replacement of 5<\/span> \u2014 15<\/span> % of the actual bitumen content shows significant improvement in stiffness and re\u00adsistance to deformation as well as ductility and viscosity.<\/p>\n According to FHWA (U.S. Federal Highway Administration) research data, up to 80<\/span>% of pavement flexibility is lost during the first 5<\/span> years. When the aging process is halted and the pavement is preserved early on, maintenance is less invasive and much less expensive. Furthermore, FHWA, FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), NAVFAC (Naval Facilities Engineering Command), MDOT (Michigan Department of Transportation), and AzDOT (Arizona Department Transportation), research shows agencies that used Gilsonite-based treatments reduced pavement replacement costs by up to 60<\/span>% compared to using the worst first-practices. While HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) pavements perform poorly when they become hard (like cement), when Gilsonite is applied to the surface of asphalt pavement it maintains oils, resiliency, and flexibility by filling micro-voids and keeping asphalt binders soft and pliable. The use of Gilsonite lowers viscosity by over 30<\/span>%, increases ductility by 30<\/span>%, and increases Marshall Stability by almost 40<\/span>% (strength of binder) after just 5 years. Contrary to many engineers\u2019 belief, Gilsonite does NOT harden pavement. However, it DOES toughen the surface to better withstand traffic and the aging process. The stability of Gilsonite-fortified pavements makes them more resistant to problems, such as rutting and shoving and increases the pavement\u2019s load carrying ability. In some cases, these high-performance mixes will halt, and reverse the effects of aging and degradation from water penetration, oxidation, and UV radiation. In addition, other benefits include increased resistance to water stripping, oxidation, and the aging process.<\/p>\n Gilsonite is the best material to be used in bitumen and asphalt production, given to its high content in asphaltenes. It is widely used in China to make bitumen from fuel oil and to give asphalt a harder resistance. In Northern Europe and North America, we can find a wide literature on tests and concrete applications. The product can be added to pure bitumen or added during the hot mix manufacturing. The product is normally used in powder, in mesh 100<\/span>. It can be supplied in jumbo bags easy to use.<\/p>\n A variety of sophisticated analytical tests has been run on Gilsonite to characterize its unique properties. For reference, the test methods include vacuum thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FTIR), vapor pressure osometry (VPO), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rapid capillary gas chromatography (RCAP), and several fractionation techniques. H\/C ratios and NMR analysis indicate the presence of a significant aromatic fraction. Most of the aromatics exist in stable, conjugated systems, probably porphyrin-like structures that relate to the geologic source of the product. The remainder of the product consists of long, paraffinic chains.<\/p>\n The unique feature of Gilsonite is its high nitrogen content, which is present mainly as pyrrole, pyridine, and amide functional groups. Phenolic and carbonyl groups are also present. The law oxygen content relative to nitrogen suggests that much of the nitrogen has basic functionality. This probably accounts for Gilsonite\u2019s special surface wetting properties and resistance to free radical oxidation. The average molecular weight of Gilsonite is about 3000<\/span>. This is very high relative to other asphalt products and to most synthetic resins. This may relate to Gilsonite\u2019s \u201csemi-polymeric\u201d behavior when used as a modifying resin in polymeric and elastomeric systems. There is some reactive potential in Gilsonite. Crosslinking and addition type reactions have been observed. Gilsonite is known to react with formaldehyde compounds under certain conditions Gilsonite is an important component of today\u2019s printing inks<\/a>, paints<\/a> & industrial<\/a> coatings. Gilsonite is used as a hard resin and carbon black dispersant in a variety of coatings. Solutions of \u00a0Gilsonite (sometimes called cutbacks or varnishes) are an excellent starting point for blending Gilsonite with other components of a final product formulation. Some formulators convert dry Gilsonite into liquid solution in their own facilities. Others will request a pre-made solution. Converting dry, granular Gilsonite to a liquid solution also provides the opportunity to remove the small amount of abrasive grit that occurs in natural asphalt. Stabilizing additives can also be added if a poor solvent is used or if high concentrations of Gilsonite are desired. Solubility: Gilsonite is soluble in aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. It has limited solubility in most ketones but is soluble in mixed aromatic solvents that contain a ketone component. Gilsonite is not soluble in water, alcohols, or acetone.\u2028 Solution Preparation: Three basic procedures are used to dissolve Gilsonite. In each case, precautions for flammable materials should be used. Cold-cutting: Gilsonite is generally soluble in aliphatic and aromatic solvents at ambient temperatures. Some agitation should be used. The rate of the solution will depend on the type of solvent, the type and severity of mixing, and the grade of Gilsonite. The solution rate can be increased by using a high shear mixer, such as a Cowles disperser. When a ball mill or a paddle mixer is used, lump grade Gilsonite is recommended. When high energy mixing is available, either lump or pulverized grades may be used. Care must be taken to avoid \u201cdry balls\u201d of undissolved solid when using pulverized grades. Hot-cutting: The rate of solution can be increased by heating. Steam coils or hot oil is preferred. Direct-fired heating can be hazardous. Care must be taken to avoid or make up for vaporized solvent. Facilities for solvent containment are often necessary. The maximum processing temperature will depend on the boiling range of the solvent. Hot fluxing: Gilsonite can be hot fluxed into asphalts and high boiling oils. Once blended, the combination can then be let down with a solvent to reach the desired viscosity. This hot fluxing with another product can help overcome limitations of solubility. Selecting the correct blend or co-solvent can yield compatibility with a solvent that is normally of limited solubility. Hot Fluxing Procedure: Heat the oil to 200<\/span> \u00b0F or more. Most of the high boiling, low aromatic ink oils in use today will require a temperature of at least 300-330<\/span> \u00b0F. With good agitation, add dry Gilsonite at a rate that maintains constant dispersion of the particles until they dissolve. Be alert for foaming that can be caused by traces of moisture in the Gilsonite. Continue to agitate for 15<\/span> to 30<\/span> minutes beyond the point when the last of the Gilsonite particles is detected. The Gilsonite should now be completely dissolved and the solution ready for discharge. Filtration: The varnish must be filtered to remove the grit that is a natural component of Gilsonite. There are two common filtration methods. Each provides a different degree of cleanliness. Both methods are normally preceded by passing the hot varnish through a course wire screen (approx. 1\/4<\/span>\u2033) to remove any large stones. For a normal degree of cleanliness, the prescreened, hot varnish is passed through wire screen baskets of about 200<\/span> mesh (74<\/span> microns). Cloth bag filters can also be used, at a higher cost, when the company doesn\u2019t have the personnel to clean the wire baskets. Disposal of the bags is also a consideration. Be careful to use bags that can tolerate elevated temperatures if hot cutting is performed. For extra cleanliness, the prescreened, hot varnish is passed through cartridge filters of about 5<\/span> to 25<\/span> microns. These filters are also disposable. Viscosity Modification: Some Gilsonite solutions can be quite viscous at ambient temperature. Also, some solutions can steadily increase in viscosity over time. These characteristics are usually observed when using law aromatic oils with poor solvent power or when high percentages of Gilsonite are used. In these cases, small amounts of viscosity modifiers are often added to (1<\/span>) keep the hot varnish sufficiently fluid for easy filtration and (2<\/span>) to reduce and stabilize the ambient viscosity so the solution remains fluid until it is used. The following is a partial list of modifiers that are effective at stabilizing the viscosity of Gilsonite solutions. Soft asphalt flux. This is often substituted for 15 to 20<\/span> % of the Gilsonite in the varnish. At this level, it reduces the softening point of the Gilsonite by about 30<\/span> \u00b0F. It should not be used when maximum hardness and rub resistance is desired, or when the fast solvent release is required, or when restrictive health safety\u00a0regulations are in effect.\u00a0Tridecyl alcohol (TDA). More volatile than some modifiers (a flash point of 180<\/span>\u00b0F), but effective. Generally used at 3-10%<\/span>, based on the Gilsonite content. Low molecular weight alcohols. Examples are n-propanol and n-butanol. These are effective, but their high volatility usually restricts their use to fast drying systems or products that are stored and used at ambient temperature. Tall oil fatty acids. These are mainly oleic and linoleic acids with small amounts of rosin acids present. They are used for their high flash point and law volatility. In some cases, stearic or oleic acid, or vegetable oils such as linseed or soya bean oil, can be substituted for tall oil fatty acids with comparable performance. Surfactants. A wide variety of commercial surfactants are also effective. Care must be taken to avoid any undesirable side effects on the performance of the final product.<\/p>\n GILSONITE is an Organic matter; a hydrocarbon consisting of Carbon and volatile gasses like Methane. With very special characteristics defining it as Bituminous matter. These characteristics are very similar to those, which are synthetically produced in the refineries.<\/p>\n This chemistry, which defines this bitumen without its volatile gasses, is nothing but something similar to a Coal. Then \u201cthe higher the volatile matter Ratio to Carbone the closer it is to synthetic Bitumen\u201d.<\/p>\n In the laboratory, the test procedure is defined to quantify these matters. We slowly apply heat to GILSONITE to initially reach to its softening points 170-220<\/span> degrees C. The heat is applied further at a constant rate in order to reach the temperature of 350<\/span> degrees C at which the volatile gasses are fully evaporated. At this stage, we reach a point referred to as FIXED CARBONE.<\/p>\n The Temperature is still increased beyond 350<\/span> degrees C at a constant rate until all Fixed Carbone is disintegrated fully at temperatures above 800<\/span> degrees C. The specimen is kept at this temperature for a while and then cooled off. The remaining balance is then analyzed and measured.<\/p>\n The balance is collectively referred to \u201cASH\u201d which, are basically Ferrous Silicide: FeSi2<\/span>, Calcium Carbonate: CaCo3<\/span>, SO2<\/span>, MgO, Al2<\/span>O3<\/span>, and SIO2<\/span><\/p>\n Asphaltenes are molecular substances that are found in crude oil, along with resins, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes (i.e., saturated hydrocarbons). The word \u201casphaltene\u201d was coined by Boussingault in 1837<\/span> when he noticed that the distillation residue of some bitumen had asphalt-like properties. Asphaltenes in the form of distillation products from oil refineries are used as \u201ctar-mats\u201d on roads. Asphaltenes consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, as well as trace amounts of vanadium and nickel. The C:H ratio is approximately 1837<\/span> when he noticed that the distillation residue of some bitumen had asphalt-like properties. Asphaltenes in the form of distillation products from oil refineries are used as \u201ctar-mats\u201d on roads. Asphaltenes consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, as well as trace amounts of vanadium and nickel. The C:H ratio is approximately 1:1.2,<\/span> depending on the asphaltene source. Asphaltenes are defined operationally as the n-heptanes (C7H16<\/span>)-insoluble, toluene (C6H5CH3<\/span>)-soluble component of a carbonaceous material such as crude oil, bitumen or coal. Asphaltenes have been shown to have a distribution of molecular masses in the range of 400<\/span> u to 1500<\/span> u with a maximum around 750<\/span> u. Unique natural hydrocarbon is high in asphaltenes and nitrogen. It makes it fully compatible with bitumen. It be melted into hot bitumen, added during the hot-mix manufacturing process, or blended into a preservation treatment. In either case, Gilsonite dissolves easily in bitumen and achieves a uniform, easily workable product. Gilsonite resin is often used by asphalt producers, road paving engineers and paving contractors who are concerned with PG specifications, high-performance, and cost-effectiveness. Gilsonite, long known as a bitumen re-enforcer and strengthening agent, also offers a unique combination of high-performance and economy for high-stress paving and preservation applications. Gilsonite is an approved mineral by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for use in resinous and polymeric coatings that come into direct contact with food. Gilsonite falls under Section 175.300<\/span> (formerly Section 121.2514<\/span>) of the FDA regulations, Part 3, subpart (iv), which lists Gilsonite as one of the several approved natural resins. Besides being non-toxic, Gilsonite products are non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic.<\/p>\n GILSONITE is a very economic and cost effective way to modify road construction bitumen<\/a> for high-performance roads. Sophisticated test methods such as Indirect Tension Stress Test, Cryonic Tensile Stress Test and the Splitting and Erectile Tension Test have proved that GILSONITE modified bitumen offers superior properties in:<\/p>\n Special computer software for the dimensioning of traffic surfaces of asphalt was used to calculate and compare the utilization period of Gilsonite and Polymer modified binder courses; the result was that the calculated lifetime of binder courses on US federal motorways increased from 18<\/span> to 29<\/span> years. GILSONITE modified bitumen<\/a> will increase the susceptibility to deformation from static or slow moving loads at Toll Plazas, Airport Taxiways, Exit Ramps, Container Terminals, Sharp Curves, Port Facilities, Intersections, Truck Terminals, Bus Stops and Lanes, Bridge Decks, Roundabouts, Park Decks. GILSONITE modified bitumen will help against moderate rutting caused by high speed, heavy volume traffic at Truck Lanes, Racing Circuits, Highways, Airport Runways A GILSONITE modification makes the most sense when used in high-performance binder courses, but can also be used in a wide variety of asphalt surface courses such as Stone Mastic Asphalt, Asphalt Concrete, Gussasphalt, Hot Rolled Asphalt. Gilsonite can significantly improve the high-temperature properties of asphalt binders<\/a>. Gilsonite increases the Ring & Ball Softening Point, the Absolute Viscosity and reduces the Penetration values of both neat and modified asphalt binders. Consequently, it also increases the high-temperature stiffness and reduces the phase angle of the base asphalt GILSONITE has been used widely in addition to up to 50<\/span> % with recycled asphalt.<\/p>\n Gilsonite is a free flowing granular material which will not cake or block during storage. Because of the nature of this hydrocarbon, GILSONITE is completely soluble in bitumen, forming a very intimate molecule that will NOT separate. It can be used:<\/p>\n As previously mentioned Gilsonite can significantly improve the high-temperature properties of asphalt binders<\/a>. Gilsonite increases the Ring & Ball Softening Point, the Absolute Viscosity and reduces the Penetration values of both neat and modified asphalt binders<\/a>. Consequently, it also increases the high-temperature stiffness and reduces the phase angle of the base asphalt.<\/p>\nProduct Description<\/h3>\n
![\"Gilsonite](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/gilsonite.iran_-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\nGilsonite in Hot Mix Asphalt<\/h3>\n
![\"Gilsonite](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Crackfilling_1.jpg\")
<\/p>\nGilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Application and usage<\/h3>\n
Benefits of \u00a0Natural Bitumen Usage in Asphalt Mixture<\/h2>\n
\n
Gilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Gilsonite Solubility<\/h3>\n
![\"Gilsonite](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Gilsonite-Solubility.jpg\")
<\/p>\nGilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Gilsonite Compatibility<\/h3>\n
![\"Gilsonite](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Gilsonite-Compatibility.jpg\")
<\/p>\nGilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Ashes And Volatiles<\/h3>\n
Asphalt Gilsonite – Asphaltene Content<\/h3>\n
Gilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Where To Use Gilsonite<\/h3>\n
\n
Gilsonite-Asphalt mixture – How To Use Gilsonite<\/h3>\n
\n
\nPaving conditions should remain identical to non-modified bitumen, except that mix temperatures should be maintained at a minimum of 160<\/span>\u00b0C to compensate for the addition of the GILSONITE. Lay down and compaction should be normal providing this slightly higher temperature is maintained. GILSONITE is available in 25<\/span> kg meltable plastic bags, 30<\/span> kg craft paper bags and 1,000<\/span> kg big bags.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nGilsonite-Asphalt mixture – Purpose Of Gilsonite Modification Of Asphalt Pavement Mixtures<\/h3>\n
\n
\u00a0Viscosity And Penetration-Graded Asphalts<\/h3>\n
ROAD BITUMEN MODIFIED WITH NATURAL ASPHALT TRYNIDAD EPUR\u00c9 AND GILSONITE ADDITION<\/h3>\n
![\"Investigations](\"http:\/\/gilsoniteco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Investigations-into-the-behaviour-of-asphalt-binders-with-and-without-the-Gilsonite-additive.jpg\")
<\/p>\n